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Các từ vựng tiếng Anh nâng cao: Chủ đề Khoa học và Công nghệ

Danh từ

• • Example: Thomas Edison is famous for inventing the light bulb.

8. Refine (v) – Sửa chữa, làm tinh tế hơn /rɪˈfaɪn/
   • Example: The engineers are working to refine the design of the new aircraft.
9. Augment (v) – Bổ sung, tăng cường /ɔːɡˈment/
   • Example: The company decided to augment its workforce to meet the growing demand.
10. Implement (v) – Thực hiện, triển khai /ˈɪm.plə.ment/
    • Example: The new policy will be implemented starting next month.
11. Elevate (v) – Nâng cao, đẩy lên /ˈel.ə.veɪt/
    • Example: The technology has the potential to elevate the standard of living for many people.

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Tính từ

1. Innovative (adj) – Đổi mới /ˈɪnəˌveɪ.tɪv/
   • Example: The company is known for its innovative approach to problem-solving.
2. Cutting-edge (adj) – Tiên tiến /ˈkʌt̬.ɪŋˌedʒ/
   • Example: The research team is using cutting-edge technology to analyze the data.
3. Revolutionary (adj) – Cách mạng /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃəˌner.i/
   • Example: The new medical treatment is considered revolutionary in the field.
4. Advanced (adj) – Tiên tiến /ədˈvæn.st/
   • Example: The advanced software allows for more accurate predictions.
5. Influential (adj) – Có ảnh hưởng /ˌɪn.fluˈen.ʃəl/
   • Example: The scientist’s influential work has shaped the direction of the entire industry.
6. Cutting-edge (adj) – Tiên tiến /ˈkʌt̬.ɪŋˌedʒ/
   • Example: The cutting-edge research facility attracts top scientists from around the world.
7. Sophisticated (adj) – Tinh tế, phức tạp /səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.t̬ɪd/

• • Example: The software has a sophisticated algorithm for data analysis.

8. In-depth (adj) – Sâu rộng, chi tiết /ˌɪnˈdepθ/
   • Example: The researchers conducted an in-depth study of the subject.
9. Cutting-edge (adj) – Ở trạng thái tiên tiến nhất /ˈkʌt̬.ɪŋˌedʒ/
   • Example: The cutting-edge technology used in the project is unparalleled.
10. Streamlined (adj) – Tối giản hóa, hiệu quả /ˈstriːm.laɪnd/
    • Example: The streamlined design of the product enhances its efficiency.
11. Intricate (adj) – Phức tạp, rắc rối /ˈɪn.trɪ.kət/
    • Example: The intricate details of the engineering plan were carefully considered.

Các từ vựng tiếng Anh nâng cao: Chủ đề Pháp luật và Chính trị

Danh từ

1. Legislation (n) – Luật pháp /ˌledʒ.ɪsˈleɪ.ʃən/
   • Example: The government is considering new legislation to address environmental issues.
2. Jurisprudence (n) – Lý luận pháp /ˌdʒʊər.ɪsˈpruː.dəns/
   • Example: The course covers various aspects of jurisprudence and legal philosophy.
3. Adjudication (n) – Quyết định tư pháp, xử lý /əˌdʒuː.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
   • Example: The adjudication of the dispute took several months.
4. Injunction (n) – Lệnh cấm /ɪnˈdʒʌŋk.ʃən/
   • Example: The court issued an injunction to prevent further construction on the disputed land.
5. Constitutionality (n) – Tính hợp pháp theo hiến pháp /ˌkɑːn·stɪˌtuː·ʃəˈnæl·ə·t̬i/
   • Example: The lawyers debated the constitutionality of the new law.
6. Oversight (n) – Sự giám sát, theo dõi /ˈoʊ·vərˌsaɪt/
   • Example: The committee provides oversight on government spending.
7. Sovereignty (n) – Chủ quyền /ˈsɑv·rən·ti/
   • Example: The nation fought for its sovereignty during the war.
8. Sanction (n) – Biện pháp trừng phạt /ˈsæŋk·ʃən/
   • Example: The international community imposed sanctions on the country for human rights violations.
9. Integrity (n) – Chính trực, tính chất không thể xâm phạm /ɪnˈteɡ.rə.t̬i/
   • Example: The judge is known for his integrity and impartiality.
10. Arbitration (n) – Trọng tài, sự giải quyết mâu thuẫn /ˌɑːr·bɪˈtreɪ·ʃən/
    • Example: The dispute was resolved through arbitration rather than in court.
11. Precedent (n) – Tiền lệ, tiền thân /ˈpres.ɪ.dənt/
    • Example: The court’s decision set a precedent for future cases.
12. Extradition (n) – Dẫn độ, việc chuyển người tội phạm sang nước khác /ˌek.strəˈdɪʃ.ən/
    • Example: The extradition of the suspect was approved by both countries.
13. Plaintiff (n) – Bên nguyên, bên đơn /ˈpleɪn.t̬ɪf/
    • Example: The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company for negligence.
14. Suffrage (n) – Quyền bầu cử /ˈsʌf.rɪdʒ/
    • Example: The suffrage movement advocated for women’s right to vote.
15. Referendum (n) – Trưng cầu dân ý /ˌref.əˈren.dəm/
    • Example: The government decided to hold a referendum on the proposed constitutional changes.
16. Lobbying (n) – Vận động hành lang, làm việc để ảnh hưởng đến quyết định chính trị /ˈlɑː.bɪ.ɪŋ/
    • Example: Lobbying by interest groups can have a significant impact on legislation.
17. Corruption (n) – Tham nhũng, tham ô /kəˈrʌp.ʃən/
    • Example: The government vowed to combat corruption at all levels.
18. Autonomy (n) – Tự trị /ɑːˈtɑː.nə.mi/
    • Example: The region was granted autonomy to govern itself.
19. Constituency (n) – Khu cử tri /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ən.si/
    • Example: The candidate visited various constituencies during the election campaign.
20. Clemency (n) – Sự khoan dung, sự ân xá /ˈklem.ən.si/
    • Example: The governor granted clemency to the convicted prisoner.

Động từ

1. Legislate (v) – Lập pháp /ˈledʒ.ɪ.sleɪt/
   • Example: The government is planning to legislate new regulations on environmental protection.
2. Enforce (v) – Thực thi, thi hành /ɪnˈfɔːrs/
   • Example: It is the duty of law enforcement agencies to enforce the laws of the land.
3. Amend (v) – Sửa đổi, điều chỉnh /əˈmend/
   • Example: The constitution was amended to guarantee equal rights to all citizens.
4. Prosecute (v) – Khởi tố, truy cứu trách nhiệm hình sự /ˈprɑː.sɪ.kjuːt/
   • Example: The attorney general decided to prosecute the suspect for fraud.
5. Inaugurate (v) – Tuyên thệ nhậm chức, khai mạc /ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪt/
   • Example: The president will inaugurate the new parliament building next week.
6. Override (v) – Gạt bỏ, bác bỏ /ˌoʊ.vəˈraɪd/
   • Example: The president can veto a bill, but Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds majority.
7. Debate (v) – Tranh luận, thảo luận /dɪˈbeɪt/
   • Example: The candidates will debate key issues before the election.
8. Lobby (v) – Vận động, gian lận để ảnh hưởng quyết định /ˈlɑː.bi/
   • Example: Interest groups often lobby lawmakers to influence legislation.
9. Ratify (v) – Phê chuẩn, chấp thuận /ˈræt̬.ə.faɪ/
   • Example: The treaty was ratified by the participating nations.
10. Campaign (v) – Tổ chức chiến dịch, chiến dịch bầu cử /kæmˈpeɪn/
    • Example: The politician is currently campaigning for re-election.

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Tính từ

1. Democratic (adj) – Dân chủ /ˌdem.əˈkræt̬.ɪk/
   • Example: The country transitioned to a democratic form of government.
2. Authoritarian (adj) – Chế độ độc tài /əˌθɔːr.əˈter.i.ən/
   • Example: The regime was known for its authoritarian rule and strict control.
3. Judicious (adj) – Sáng tạo, khôn ngoan /dʒuːˈdɪʃ.əs/
   • Example: A judicious use of resources is essential for sustainable development.
4. Transparent (adj) – Minh bạch, trong suốt /trænsˈper.ənt/
   • Example: Governments should strive to be transparent in their decision-making processes.
5. Corrupt (adj) – Tham nhũng, hối lộ /kəˈrʌpt/
   • Example: The investigation uncovered widespread corrupt practices in the administration.
6. Accountable (adj) – Có trách nhiệm, chịu trách nhiệm /əˈkaʊn.t̬ə.bl̩/
   • Example: Public officials should be accountable for their actions.
7. Progressive (adj) – Tiến bộ, tiến triển /prəˈɡres.ɪv/
   • Example: The party advocated for progressive social policies.
8. Conservative (adj) – Bảo thủ, bảo thủ /kənˈsɝː.və.t̬ɪv/
   • Example: The candidate’s conservative views appealed to traditional voters.
9. Sovereign (adj) – Tự chủ, chủ quyền /ˈsɑː.vrən/
   • Example: The nation regained its sovereign status after years of occupation.
10. Legitimate (adj) – Hợp pháp, chính đáng /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/
    • Example: The court recognized the legitimate rights of the citizens.

Các từ vựng tiếng Anh nâng cao: Chủ đề Y học và Y khoa

Danh từ

1. Epidemiology (n) – Dịch tễ học /ˌep.ɪˌdiː.miˈɑːl.ə.dʒi/
   • Example: Epidemiology helps analyze patterns of diseases within populations.
2. Pharmaceuticals (n) – Dược phẩm, thuốc /ˌfɑːr.məˈsuː.t̬ɪ.kəls/
   • Example: The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in healthcare.
3. Biotechnology (n) – Công nghệ sinh học /ˌbaɪ.oʊˈtek.nɑː.lə.dʒi/
   • Example: Biotechnology has revolutionized the development of medical treatments.
4. Genomics (n) – Genôm /ˈdʒe.noʊm.ɪks/
   • Example: Advances in genomics have led to personalized medicine.
5. Radiology (n) – X quang /ˌreɪ.diˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
   • Example: Radiology is essential for diagnosing various medical conditions.
6. Neurology (n) – Thần kinh học /njʊˈrɑː.lə.dʒi/
   • Example: Neurology deals with disorders of the nervous system.
7. Endocrinology (n) – Nội tiết học /ˌen.də.krɪˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/
   • Example: Endocrinology focuses on hormones and their effects on the body.
8. Psychiatry (n) – Tâm thần học /saɪˈkaɪ.ə.tri/
   • Example: Psychiatry addresses mental health and emotional disorders.
9. Immunology (n) – Miễn dịch học /ˌɪm.jəˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/
   • Example: Immunology studies the body’s defense mechanisms against infections.
10. Geriatrics (n) – Nhi khoa /ˌdʒer.iˈæt.rɪks/
    • Example: Geriatrics focuses on healthcare for the elderly.
11. Nephrology (n) – Thận học /nɪˈfrɑː.lə.dʒi/
    • Example: Nephrology deals with kidney-related issues.
12. Pathology (n) – Bệnh lý học /pəˈθɑː.lə.dʒi/
    • Example: Pathology involves the study of diseases and their causes.
13. Oncology (n) – Ung thư học /ɑːŋˈkɑː.lə.dʒi/
    • Example: Oncology specializes in the treatment of cancer.
14. Pharmacology (n) – Dược lý học /ˌfɑːr.məˈkɑː.lə.dʒi/
    • Example: Pharmacology studies the effects and uses of drugs.
15. Orthopedics (n) – Chấn thương học /ˌɔːr.θəˈpiː.dɪks/
    • Example: Orthopedics deals with the prevention and correction of musculoskeletal disorders.

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Động từ

1. Diagnose (v) – Chẩn đoán /ˈdaɪ.əɡ.noʊz/
   • Example: Doctors use various tests to diagnose medical conditions.
2. Prescribe (v) – Kê đơn /prɪˈskraɪb/
   • Example: After examining the patient, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate medication.
3. Treat (v) – Điều trị /triːt/
   • Example: The medical team works together to treat the patient’s illness.
4. Operate (v) – Phẫu thuật /ˈɑː.pə.reɪt/
   • Example: Surgeons operate to correct certain medical conditions.
5. Rehabilitate (v) – Phục hồi chức năng /ˌriː.həˈbɪl.ə.teɪt/
   • Example: Physical therapists help rehabilitate patients after injuries.
6. Monitor (v) – Theo dõi /ˈmɑː.nə.t̬ɚ/
   • Example: Nurses continuously monitor patients’ vital signs in the hospital.
7. Vaccinate (v) – Tiêm phòng /ˈvæk.sə.neɪt/
   • Example: It’s essential to vaccinate children against preventable diseases.
8. Examine (v) – Kiểm tra /ɪɡˈzæm.ɪn/
   • Example: Doctors examine patients thoroughly to identify health issues.
9. Screen (v) – Sàng lọc /skriːn/
   • Example: Regular screenings can detect diseases at an early stage.
10. Heal (v) – Chữa lành /hiːl/
    • Example: Time and proper care can help the body heal after an injury.
11. Administer (v) – Quản lý, tiêm /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɚ/
    • Example: Nurses administer medications to patients following the doctor’s orders.
12. Cure (v) – Chữa trị, chữa khỏi /kjʊr/
    • Example: Some diseases can be cured with proper medical treatment.
13. Conduct (v) – Tiến hành (nghiên cứu, thử nghiệm) /kənˈdʌkt/
    • Example: Researchers conduct experiments to gather valuable data for medical studies.
14. Revive (v) – Hồi sinh, làm tỉnh lại /rɪˈvaɪv/
    • Example: The paramedics worked hard to revive the unconscious patient.
15. Preserve (v) – Bảo quản, duy trì /prɪˈzɝːv/
    • Example: Proper storage is crucial to preserve the integrity of medical samples.

Tính từ

Các từ vựng tiếng Anh nâng cao: Chủ đề Nghệ thuật và Văn hóa

Danh từ

1. Aesthetics (n) – Thẩm mỹ /ɛsˈθɛtɪks/
   • Example: The exhibition aimed to explore the aesthetics of modern art.
2. Ephemeral (n) – Ngắn ngủi, thoáng qua /ɪˈfɛmərəl/
   • Example: Street art often carries an ephemeral nature due to environmental factors.
3. Dichotomy (n) – Phân chia, sự chia rẽ /daɪˈkɒtəmi/
   • Example: There exists a dichotomy between traditional and contemporary art forms.
4. Iconoclasm (n) – Phá hủy biểu tượng /aɪˈkɒnəˌklæzəm/
   • Example: Iconoclasm has been a recurring theme in art movements throughout history.
5. Paradigm (n) – Mô hình /ˈpærəˌdaɪm/
   • Example: The Renaissance marked a shift in the paradigm of artistic expression.
6. Cacophony (n) – Tiếng ồn loạn, âm nhạc phi hài hòa /kəˈkɒfəni/
   • Example: The performance was criticized for its cacophony rather than harmony.
7. Opulence (n) – Phú quý, giàu có /ˈɒpjʊləns/
   • Example: The gallery displayed a collection that reflected the opulence of the era.
8. Ubiquity (n) – Sự phổ biến, sự ở khắp mọi nơi /juːˈbɪkwəti/
   • Example: The ubiquity of social media has transformed how art is shared and consumed.
9. Anachronism (n) – Sự lạc thời /əˈnækrəˌnɪzəm/
   • Example: The use of ancient motifs in contemporary art can be seen as an anachronism.
10. Panorama (n) – Toàn cảnh /ˌpænəˈræmə/

• • Example: The artist captured the city’s panorama in a breathtaking mural.

11. Eloquence (n) – Sự hùng biện, sự lưu loát /ˈɛləkwəns/

• • Example: The eloquence of the poet’s verses resonated with the audience.

12. Juxtaposition (n) – Sự đặt cạnh nhau, sự so sánh /ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən/

• • Example: The juxtaposition of light and shadow created a dramatic effect in the painting.

13. Vernacular (n) – Ngôn ngữ của dân dụ, ngôn ngữ bản xứ /vəˈnækjələr/

• • Example: Street art often draws inspiration from the vernacular of the urban environment.

14. Renaissance (n) – Thời kỳ Phục hưng /ˌrɛnəˈsɑːns/

• • Example: The Renaissance was a pivotal period in the development of European art.

15. Crescendo (n) – Điểm cao nhất, sự gia tăng /krɪˈʃɛndoʊ/

• • Example: The concert reached a crescendo with a powerful orchestral finale.

Động từ

1. Illuminate (v) – Giác ngộ, làm sáng tỏa /ɪˈluːmɪˌneɪt/
   • Example: The artist sought to illuminate societal issues through their work.
2. Evoke (v) – Gợi lên, khơi gợi /ɪˈvoʊk/
   • Example: The painting is designed to evoke strong emotions from the viewer.
3. Catalyze (v) – Kích thích, thúc đẩy /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/
   • Example: The exhibition aimed to catalyze conversations about cultural diversity.
4. Permeate (v) – Lan tỏa, thấm qua /ˈpɜːrmiˌeɪt/
   • Example: The artist’s influence permeated various genres of contemporary art.
5. Harmonize (v) – Làm hòa hợp, kết hợp hoàn hảo /ˈhɑːrməˌnaɪz/
   • Example: The elements in the sculpture harmonize seamlessly with the surroundings.
6. Exemplify (v) – Minh họa, làm mẫu /ɪɡˈzɛmplɪˌfaɪ/
   • Example: The artwork exemplifies the artist’s commitment to social justice.
7. Immerse (v) – Đắm chìm, chìm đắm /ɪˈmɜːrs/
   • Example: Visitors can immerse themselves in the interactive aspects of the exhibit.
8. Transcend (v) – Vượt lên trên, vượt qua /trænˈsɛnd/
   • Example: The novel’s themes transcend cultural and temporal boundaries.
9. Convey (v) – Truyền đạt, bày tỏ /kənˈveɪ/
   • Example: The artist used color and form to convey a sense of nostalgia.
10. Captivate (v) – Mê hoặc, quyến rũ /ˈkæptəˌveɪt/
    • Example: The performance was designed to captivate the audience from start to finish.
11. Adorn (v) – Trang trí, làm đẹp /əˈdɔːrn/
    • Example: The intricate patterns adorned the facade of the historic building.
12. Fabricate (v) – Chế tạo, tạo ra /ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪt/
    • Example: The sculptor was able to fabricate a sense of movement in the static form.
13. Commingle (v) – Trộn lẫn, pha trộn /kəˈmɪŋɡəl/
    • Example: The exhibition sought to commingle traditional and contemporary art forms.
14. Pioneer (v) – Đi đầu, tiên phong /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
    • Example: The artist aimed to pioneer a new approach to abstract expressionism.
15. Reinterpret (v) – Tái hiện, diễn giải lại /ˌriːɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/
    • Example: The exhibition invited artists to reinterpret classic works in a modern context.

Tính từ

1. Innovative (adj) – Đổi mới, sáng tạo /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/
   • Example: The museum showcased innovative works by contemporary artists.
2. Eclectic (adj) – Đa dạng, đa nghệ sĩ /ɪˈklɛktɪk/
   • Example: The gallery had an eclectic collection spanning various art movements.
3. Avant-garde (adj) – Tiên phong, hiện đại /ˌɑːvɑːntˈɡɑːrd/
   • Example: The artist was known for his avant-garde approach to sculpture.
4. Abstract (adj) – Trừu tượng /ˈæbstrækt/
   • Example: Abstract paintings often invite viewers to interpret the meaning.
5. Inclusive (adj) – Bao gồm, tích hợp /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/
   • Example: The cultural event aimed to be inclusive, welcoming people from all backgrounds.
6. Surreal (adj) – Siêu thực, huyền bí /səˈriːəl/
   • Example: The artist’s surreal landscapes transported viewers to imaginary worlds.
7. Provocative (adj) – Gây sốc, kích động /prəˈvɑːkətɪv/
   • Example: The provocative installation sparked conversations about societal norms.
8. Ephemeral (adj) – Tạm thời, thoáng qua /ɪˈfɛmərəl/
   • Example: Street art is often ephemeral, as it may be painted over or removed.
9. Ubiquitous (adj) – Phổ biến, khắp nơi /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/
   • Example: Street performers are ubiquitous in the city, adding to its vibrancy.
10. Serene (adj) – Thanh bình, tĩnh lặng /səˈriːn/
    • Example: The garden provided a serene environment for contemplation.
11. Prolific (adj) – Mạnh mẽ, tài năng /prəˈlɪfɪk/
    • Example: The artist was a prolific creator, producing numerous works throughout their career.
12. Harmonious (adj) – Hòa nhạc, hài hòa /hɑːrˈmoʊniəs/
    • Example: The exhibition aimed to create a harmonious blend of traditional and modern art.
13. Immersive (adj) – Đắm chìm, thấu hiểu /ɪˈmɜːrsɪv/
    • Example: The immersive installation allowed visitors to experience the artist’s perspective.
14. Eloquent (adj) – Lưu loát, có duyên /ˈɛləkwənt/
    • Example: The eloquent brushstrokes conveyed a sense of emotion and depth.
15. Iconoclastic (adj) – Phá hủy tượng thần, chống truyền thống /aɪˌkɑːnəˈklæstɪk/
    • Example: The artist’s iconoclastic approach challenged established norms in the art world.

Các từ vựng tiếng Anh nâng cao: Chủ đề Môi trường và Phát triển bền vững

Danh từ

1. Biodiversity (n) – Đa dạng sinh học /ˌbaɪ.oʊ.dɪˈvɜːrs.ə.t̬i/
   • Example: The conservation project aims to protect and enhance biodiversity in the region.
2. Sustainability (n) – Bền vững /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/
   • Example: Sustainable practices are crucial for the long-term health of our planet.
3. Carbon footprint (n) – Dấu chân carbon /ˈkɑːr.bən ˈfʊtˌprɪnt/
   • Example: Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by adopting eco-friendly habits.
4. Deforestation (n) – Phá rừng /ˌdiːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/
   • Example: Deforestation is a major concern as it contributes to loss of biodiversity.
5. Renewable energy (n) – Năng lượng tái tạo /rɪˈnuː.ə.bəl ˈɛn.ɚ.dʒi/
   • Example: Investing in renewable energy is key to mitigating climate change.
6. Ecosystem (n) – Hệ sinh thái /ˈiː.koʊˌsɪs.t̬əm/
   • Example: The destruction of one species can disrupt the entire ecosystem.
7. Conservation (n) – Bảo tồn /ˌkɑːn.sɚˈveɪ.ʃən/
   • Example: Conservation efforts are necessary to protect endangered species.
8. Pollution (n) – Ô nhiễm /pəˈluː.ʃən/
   • Example: Industrial activities often contribute to air and water pollution.
9. Sustainable development (n) – Phát triển bền vững /səˌsteɪnəbl dɪˈvel.əpmənt/
   • Example: Sustainable development seeks to meet present needs without compromising the future.
10. Greenhouse gas (n) – Khí nhà kính /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɡæs/
    • Example: Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to global warming.
11. Ecological footprint (n) – Dấu chân sinh thái /ˌiː.kəˈlɑː.dʒɪ.kəl ˈfʊtˌprɪnt/
    • Example: Individuals can assess their ecological footprint to understand their impact on the environment.
12. Conservationist (n) – Nhà bảo tồn /ˌkɑːn.sɚˈveɪ.ʃənɪst/
    • Example: The conservationist dedicated their life to protecting endangered species.
13. Global warming (n) – Nóng lên toàn cầu /ˌɡloʊ.bəl ˈwɔːr.mɪŋ/
    • Example: The rise in global temperatures is a significant indicator of global warming.
14. Sustainable agriculture (n) – Nông nghiệp bền vững /səˌsteɪnəbl ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃər/
    • Example: Sustainable agriculture promotes farming methods that maintain soil health.
15. Environmental degradation (n) – Sự suy thoái môi trường /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən/
    • Example: Environmental degradation is a result of human activities harming the natural world.

Động từ

1. Preserve (v) – Bảo tồn /prɪˈzɜːrv/
   • Example: Efforts to preserve natural habitats are essential for biodiversity.
2. Mitigate (v) – Giảm nhẹ /ˈmɪt̬.ə.ɡeɪt/
   • Example: Sustainable practices aim to mitigate the impact of climate change.
3. Conserve (v) – Bảo quản /kənˈsɜːrv/
   • Example: It is crucial to conserve water resources in arid regions.
4. Sustain (v) – Duy trì /səˈsteɪn/
   • Example: Forests play a vital role in sustaining the health of the planet.
5. Alleviate (v) – Giảm nhẹ, làm dịu bớt /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/
   • Example: Conservation efforts aim to alleviate the pressures on endangered species.
6. Preserve (v) – Bảo vệ, giữ gìn /prɪˈzɜːrv/
   • Example: National parks are established to preserve natural beauty and wildlife.
7. Promote (v) – Khuyến khích, thúc đẩy /prəˈmoʊt/
   • Example: Governments should promote sustainable practices in industries.
8. Minimize (v) – Giảm thiểu /ˈmɪn.ɪ.maɪz/
   • Example: Individuals can minimize waste by practicing recycling.
9. Address (v) – Đối mặt, giải quyết /əˈdres/
   • Example: It’s essential to address the root causes of environmental issues.
10. Advocate (v) – Ủng hộ, biện hộ /ˈæd·vəˌkeɪt/
    • Example: Environmentalists advocate for policies that protect natural resources.
11. Regenerate (v) – Tái sinh /rɪˈdʒen·əˌreɪt/
    • Example: Reforestation projects aim to regenerate deforested areas.
12. Innovate (v) – Đổi mới, đổi mới sáng tạo /ˈɪn.ə.veɪt/
    • Example: Innovative technologies can contribute to sustainable development.
13. Adopt (v) – Áp dụng, thực hiện /əˈdɑːpt/
    • Example: Businesses should adopt eco-friendly practices in their operations.
14. Champion (v) – Ủng hộ mạnh mẽ, bảo vệ /ˈtʃæm·pi·ən/
    • Example: The organization champions the cause of wildlife protection.
15. Foster (v) – Phát triển, nuôi dưỡng /ˈfɑːs.tɚ/
    • Example: Education programs can foster awareness about environmental issues.

Tính từ

1. Sustainable (adj) – Bền vững /səˈsteɪnəbl/
   • Example: Sustainable practices aim to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.
2. Renewable (adj) – Tái tạo /rɪˈnuːəbl/
   • Example: Wind and solar energy are examples of renewable resources.
3. Eco-friendly (adj) – Thân thiện với môi trường /ˈiː.koʊˌfrend.li/
   • Example: Eco-friendly products are designed to minimize their impact on the environment.
4. Resilient (adj) – Kiên cường, đàn hồi /rɪˈzɪliənt/
   • Example: Resilient ecosystems can recover from disturbances.
5. Biodiverse (adj) – Đa dạng sinh học /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜrs/
   • Example: The rainforest is known for its biodiverse ecosystem.
6. Green (adj) – Xanh /ɡriːn/
   • Example: Green technologies focus on minimizing environmental impact.
7. Conscious (adj) – Tỉnh táo, có ý thức /ˈkɑːnʃəs/
   • Example: Being environmentally conscious involves making choices that consider ecological impacts.
8. Innovative (adj) – Đổi mới, sáng tạo /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/
   • Example: Innovative solutions are crucial for addressing environmental challenges.
9. Ethical (adj) – Đạo đức, đạo đức học /ˈeθɪkəl/
   • Example: Ethical consumer choices support environmentally responsible practices.
10. Efficient (adj) – Hiệu quả /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
    • Example: Energy-efficient appliances help reduce overall consumption.
11. Adaptable (adj) – Có khả năng thích ứng /əˈdæp.tə.bəl/
    • Example: Adaptable strategies are necessary in the face of changing environmental conditions.
12. Viable (adj) – Khả thi /ˈvaɪ.ə.bl̩/
    • Example: Viable solutions should be both environmentally and economically sustainable.
13. Regenerative (adj) – Có khả năng tái sinh /rɪˈdʒen.ər.ə.tɪv/
    • Example: Regenerative agriculture focuses on restoring soil health.
14. Harmonious (adj) – Hòa mình, hòa hợp /hɑːrˈmoʊniəs/
    • Example: Achieving a harmonious balance between development and conservation is challenging.
15. Holistic (adj) – Toàn diện /hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/
    • Example: Holistic approaches consider the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic factors.