Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous tense) là một trong những chủ điểm ngữ pháp xuất hiện khá thường xuyên trong các bài thi tiếng Anh. Bài viết dưới đây sẽ giúp bạn khám phá khái niệm, công thức, dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ tiếp diễn và bài tập vận dụng.
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn là gì?
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn là thì trong tiếng Anh dùng để diễn đạt về một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ vào một thời điểm xác định hoặc để mô tả hai hành động đang diễn ra cùng một lúc trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ:
- She was studying when I called her. (Cô ấy đang học khi tôi gọi điện cho cô ấy)
- It was raining heavily when they arrived. (Trời đang mưa rất to khi họ đến)
Cấu trúc thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc thì quá khứ tiếp diễn được diễn đạt theo 3 thể là thể khẳng định, thể phủ định và thể nghi vấn. Mỗi thể có công thức và cách sử dụng riêng.
Thể khẳng định
Công thức: S + was/were + V-ing
Trong đó:
- S: là chủ ngữ, có thể là danh từ (I, he, she, it, they…) hoặc cụm danh từ.
- Was/ were: là động từ tobe ở dạng quá khứ. Was dùng với chủ ngữ số ít (I, he, she, it, danh từ số ít), were dùng với chủ ngữ số nhiều (you, they, danh từ số nhiều).
- V-ing: là động từ ở dạng phân từ hiện tại thêm đuôi -ing.
Ví dụ: While I was watching TV, my sister was doing her homework (Trong khi tôi đang xem TV, em gái tôi làm bài tập.)
Thể phủ định
Công thức: S + was/were + not + V-ing
Trong đó:
- S: là chủ ngữ, có thể là danh từ (I, he, she, it, they…) hoặc cụm danh từ.
- Was/ were: là động từ tobe ở dạng quá khứ. Was dùng với chủ ngữ số ít (I, he, she, it, danh từ số ít), were dùng với chủ ngữ số nhiều (you, they, danh từ số nhiều).
- Not: phủ định, nghĩa là “không”.
- V-ing: là động từ ở dạng phân từ hiện tại thêm đuôi -ing.
Ví dụ: I was not watching TV at 9 p.m yesterday. (Tôi không xem TV lúc 9 giờ tối hôm qua.)
Thể nghi vấn
Công thức: Was/were + S + V-ing?
Trong đó:
- Was/ were: là động từ tobe ở dạng quá khứ. Was dùng với chủ ngữ số ít (I, he, she, it, danh từ số ít), were dùng với chủ ngữ số nhiều (you, they, danh từ số nhiều).
- S: là chủ ngữ, có thể là danh từ (I, he, she, it, they…) hoặc cụm danh từ.
- V-ing: là động từ ở dạng phân từ hiện tại thêm đuôi -ing.
Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi này được trình bày dưới dạng: Yes, S + was/were hoặc No, S + wasn’t/weren’t.
Ví dụ:
- Were they playing football when it started to rain? (Họ có đang chơi bóng đá khi trời bắt đầu mưa không?)
- No, they weren’t. (Không, họ không đang chơi bóng đá)
Bài tập vận dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Để nắm vững lý thuyết thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, bạn có thể thực hành luyện tập với các bài tập vận dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn dưới đây:
Bài tập 1: Viết câu sang thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
- She (study) for her exam all night long.
- I (read) a book when the power went out.
- They (play) soccer when it started raining.
- He (cook) dinner while she was setting the table.
- We (walk) in the park when we saw a beautiful rainbow.
- The children (laugh) and (play) in the playground.
- While I (drive) to work, I listened to my favorite podcast.
- She (sing) in the choir while he (play) the piano.
- They (have) picnic when a sudden gust of wind blew everything away.
- I (talk) to my friend on the phone when the call got disconnected.
- The baby (sleep) peacefully in her crib.
- While I (wait) for the bus, I saw an old friend from high school.
- He (jog) in the park while listening to music.
- They (watch) a movie at home when the doorbell rang.
- I (work) on my project when the computer crashed.
- She (knit) a sweater for her grandmother.
- While they (hike) in the mountains, they encountered a bear.
- He (play) the guitar while she was singing along.
- I (take) a shower when the phone rang.
- They (dance) at the party when the music suddenly stopped.
Bài tập 2: Chuyển đổi từ quá khứ đơn sang quá khứ tiếp diễn.
Quá khứ đơn | Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
She studied hard for her exam last night. | |
I read a book before going to bed. | |
They played soccer every weekend when they were kids. | |
He cooked dinner for his family yesterday. | |
We walked in the park yesterday afternoon. | |
The children laughed and played in the playground yesterday. | |
I listened to my favorite podcast while driving to work this morning. | |
She sang in the choir at the concert last week. | |
They had a picnic in the park last Sunday. | |
I worked on my project all day yesterday. |
Bài tập 3: Biến đổi các câu sau sang thể nghi vấn.
- He was planting trees in the garden at 5 pm yesterday.
- We were not studying at the library yesterday afternoon.
- They were not watching TV at 8 p.m last night.
- We were not working on the project yesterday.
- She was listening to music when her mother called her.
- He was sleeping when the earthquake happened.
- They were not swimming in the pool at that time.
Bài tập 4: Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau và sửa lại cho đúng:
- She had come to the cinema before I do.
- When they arrived, John goes away.
- She were watching TV when the lights went out.
- They played tennis yesterday afternoon when it was sunny.
- I was reading a book when suddenly the lights go out.
- After Jimmy had gone home, I was doing the shopping.
- We were having dinner when the news was coming on TV.
- Before they came to visit my grandparents, I have already cleaned the house.
- I had prepared for the exam and am ready to do well.
- While I am eating dinner, the phone rang.
Đáp án phần bài tập
Đáp án bài tập 1
- She was studying for her exam all night long.
- I was reading a book when the power went out.
- They were playing soccer when it started raining.
- He was cooking dinner while she was setting the table.
- We were walking in the park when we saw a beautiful rainbow.
- The children were laughing and playing in the playground.
- While I was driving to work, I listened to my favorite podcast.
- She was singing in the choir while he was playing the piano.
- They were having a picnic when a sudden gust of wind blew everything away.
- I was talking to my friend on the phone when the call got disconnected.
- The baby was sleeping peacefully in her crib.
- While I was waiting for the bus, I saw an old friend from high school.
- He was jogging in the park while listening to music.
- They were watching a movie at home when the doorbell rang.
- I was working on my project when the computer crashed.
- She was knitting a sweater for her grandmother.
- While they were hiking in the mountains, they encountered a bear.
- He was playing the guitar while she was singing along.
- I was taking a shower when the phone rang.
- They were dancing at the party when the music suddenly stopped.
Đáp án bài tập 2
She studied hard for her exam last night. | She was studying hard for her exam all night. |
I read a book before going to bed. | I was reading a book (when I heard the doorbell) |
They played soccer every weekend when they were kids. | They were playing soccer (when it started raining heavily.) |
He cooked dinner for his family yesterday. | He was cooking dinner (while his wife was setting the table.) |
We walked in the park yesterday afternoon. | We were walking in the park (when we spotted a rare bird.) |
The children laughed and played in the playground yesterday. | The children were laughing and playing in the playground all afternoon. |
I listened to my favorite podcast while driving to work this morning. | While I was driving to work, I was listening to my favorite podcast. |
She sang in the choir at the concert last week. | She was singing in the choir (while he was playing the piano.) |
They had a picnic in the park last Sunday. | They were having a picnic (when a swarm of bees interrupted them.) |
I worked on my project all day yesterday. | I was working on my project (when suddenly the lights went out.) |
Đáp án bài tập 3
- Was he planting trees in the garden at 5 pm yesterday?
- Were we studying at the library yesterday afternoon?
- Were they watching TV at 8 p.m last night?
- Were we working on the project yesterday?
- Was she listening to music when her mother called her?
- Was he sleeping when the earthquake happened?
- Were they swimming in the pool at that time?
Đáp án bài tập 4
- She had come to the cinema before I did.
- When they arrived, John went away.
- She was watching TV when the lights went out.
- They were playing tennis yesterday afternoon when it was sunny.
- I was reading a book when suddenly the lights went out.
- After Jimmy had gone home, I went shopping.
- We were having dinner when the news came on TV.
- Before they came to visit my grandparents, I had already cleaned the house.
- I had prepared for the exam and was ready to do well.
- While I was eating dinner, the phone rang.
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động xảy ra ngay tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ, hoặc nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời, xen lẫn nhau trong quá khứ. Chỉ cần nhớ đúng công thức thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (was/were + V-ing) là bạn có thể vận dụng chúng trong các bài tập đọc, viết tiếng Anh của mình.